{
  "spec_version": "0.1",
  "generated_from": "2026-09-10",
  "entry_count": 133,
  "providers": [
    "AWS",
    "CoreWeave",
    "Crusoe",
    "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
    "FluidStack",
    "Google Cloud",
    "Hyperstack",
    "Lambda",
    "Microsoft Azure",
    "Nebius",
    "OVHcloud",
    "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
    "Prime Intellect",
    "RunPod",
    "Scaleway",
    "Shadeform",
    "TensorDock",
    "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
    "Vast.ai (live API)",
    "Voltage Park"
  ],
  "entries": [
    {
      "sku": "p5.48xlarge",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFA, 3200 Gbps per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "regions": [
        "us-east-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.88,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://b0.p.awsstatic.com/pricing/2.0/meteredUnitMaps/ec2/USD/current/ec2-ondemand-without-sec-sel/US%20East%20(N.%20Virginia)/Linux/index.json",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-instance $55.04/hr (Linux, us-east-1, official AWS on-demand pricing feed that backs aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/) divided by 8. AWS P5 page: UltraClusters 'enable scaling up to 20,000 H100 or H200 GPUs'.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5en.48xlarge",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv3 (Nitro v5), 3200 Gbps per instance, 'up to 35% improvement in latency' vs earlier EFA (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "regions": [
        "us-east-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.912,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://b0.p.awsstatic.com/pricing/2.0/meteredUnitMaps/ec2/USD/current/ec2-ondemand-without-sec-sel/US%20East%20(N.%20Virginia)/Linux/index.json",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-instance $63.296/hr divided by 8. p5e.48xlarge has no on-demand entry in the us-east-1 feed; p5en is the H200 SKU with on-demand list pricing.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total)",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p6-b200.48xlarge",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 179,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 'up to 14.4 TB/s of total bidirectional NVLink bandwidth' (AWS P6 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv4, 3.2 Tbps per instance (AWS P6 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-east-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 14.2416,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://b0.p.awsstatic.com/pricing/2.0/meteredUnitMaps/ec2/USD/current/ec2-ondemand-without-sec-sel/US%20East%20(N.%20Virginia)/Linux/index.json",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-instance $113.9328/hr divided by 8. vram_gb = AWS-published 1,432 GB HBM3e total / 8 = 179 GB. UltraCluster claim is non-numeric ('tens of thousands of GPUs').",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink, 'up to 14.4 TB/s of total bidirectional NVLink bandwidth' (AWS P6 page))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "cluster product claim (contiguity unstated)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p6-b300.48xlarge",
      "accelerator": "B300 (Blackwell Ultra)",
      "vram_gb": 268,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (Blackwell generation, per AWS P6 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv4, 6.4 Tbps per instance (AWS P6 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-east-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 17.802,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://b0.p.awsstatic.com/pricing/2.0/meteredUnitMaps/ec2/USD/current/ec2-ondemand-without-sec-sel/US%20East%20(N.%20Virginia)/Linux/index.json",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-instance $142.416/hr divided by 8. vram_gb = AWS-published 2,144 GB HBM3e total / 8 = 268 GB.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B300",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~800 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-highgpu-8g",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (nvidia-h100-80gb, 640 GB total per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "gVNIC with GPUDirect-TCPX, 1,000 Gbps max per VM, 5 NICs (Google accelerator-optimized machines doc table)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-central1",
        "us-east4"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 11.0613,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://gcloud-compute.com/a3-highgpu-8g.html",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Per-VM $88.49/hr us-central1 divided by 8 ($88.5558 us-east4). Price from gcloud-compute.com (mirror of Google Cloud Billing data, updated 2026-09-06) because Google's official pricing pages are client-side rendered and returned no figures. Networking/GPU specs are published in Google docs. On-demand availability for A3 High 8-GPU confirmed in Google's consumption-options table.",
      "source_class": "third-party",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-megagpu-8g",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM (nvidia-h100-mega-80gb)",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (640 GB total GPU memory per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "gVNIC with GPUDirect-TCPXO, 1,800 Gbps max per VM, 9 NICs — 'doubles the network bandwidth when compared to the A3 High' (Google doc)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-east4"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 11.6172,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://gcloud-compute.com/a3-megagpu-8g.html",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Per-VM $92.9376/hr us-east4 divided by 8 (us-central1 not listed for this type). Price from gcloud-compute.com Billing-data mirror; specs from Google docs. On-demand availability confirmed in Google's consumption-options table.",
      "source_class": "third-party",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-ultragpu-8g",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (1,128 GB total GPU memory per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) via ConnectX-7, 3,600 Gbps max per VM, 10 NICs (Google doc table)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "asia-south1",
        "asia-south2",
        "europe-west1",
        "europe-west4",
        "us-central1",
        "us-east4",
        "us-south1",
        "us-west1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": null,
      "pricing_model": null,
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/accelerator-optimized-machines",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "No on-demand price exists: Google's consumption-options table marks A3 Ultra (H200) On-demand = No; available only via Spot, Flex-start, and reservation modes. Specs are published; offering recorded without price per hard rules. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones]",
      "source_class": "quote-gated",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a4-highgpu-8g",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink 1,800 GBps bidirectional per GPU, up to 14.4 TBps aggregate all-to-all (Google doc); 1,440 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RoCE via NVIDIA ConnectX-7 NICs on Google's four-way rail-aligned network, 3,600 Gbps max per VM, 10 NICs (Google doc)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "asia-northeast1",
        "asia-southeast1",
        "europe-north1",
        "europe-west1",
        "europe-west4",
        "us-central1",
        "us-east1",
        "us-east4",
        "us-south1",
        "us-west2",
        "us-west3"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": null,
      "pricing_model": null,
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/accelerator-optimized-machines",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "No on-demand price exists: Google's consumption-options table marks A4 (B200) On-demand = No; Spot/Flex-start/reservations only. A4X (GB200, a4x-highgpu-4g, 4 GPUs, 2,000 Gbps RoCE CX-7) is further restricted to future reservations in AI Hypercomputer only. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.cloud.google.com/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones]",
      "source_class": "quote-gated",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink 4.0 (Microsoft Learn ND H100 v5 page); 640 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: 'dedicated, topology-agnostic 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connection' per GPU, 3.2 Tbps per VM, GPUDirect RDMA (Microsoft Learn)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eastus"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 12.29,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=priceType eq 'Consumption' and armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5' and armRegionName eq 'eastus'",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-VM $98.32/hr (Linux Consumption meter, eastus, Azure Retail Prices API) divided by 8. Scale claim is non-numeric: 'can scale up to thousands of GPUs'.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink 4.0 (Microsoft Learn ND H100 v5 page); 640 GB total GPU memory)",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "cluster product claim (contiguity unstated)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 900 GB/s (Microsoft Learn ND H200 v5 page); 1,128 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: dedicated 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand per GPU, 3.2 Tb/s per VM, GPUDirect RDMA (Microsoft Learn)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eastus2"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 10.6,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=priceType eq 'Consumption' and contains(armSkuName,'H200')",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-VM $84.80/hr (Linux Consumption, eastus2/westus2/westus3; centralus is $95.824) divided by 8. Not listed in eastus in the API at collection time. H200 currently lists below H100 in Azure's retail API.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6",
      "accelerator": "GB200 (Blackwell)",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": "SXM/superchip (2x Grace CPU + 4x Blackwell GPU per VM)",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": "5th-gen NVLink, 4x 1.8 TB/s per VM; NVL72 rack domain of 72 GPUs across 18 VMs with 130 TB/s cross-sectional NVLink (Microsoft Learn)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: 4x 400 Gb/s NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connections per VM (one 400 Gb/s NIC per GPU); 28.8 Tb/s scale-out networking per 72-GPU rack (Microsoft Learn)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 100000,
      "regions": [
        "eastus",
        "eastus2"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 27.04,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=priceType eq 'Consumption' and contains(armSkuName,'GB200')",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per-VM $108.16/hr (Linux Consumption, eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3) divided by 4 GPUs (this VM is a quarter of a GB200 NVL72 rack). max_contiguous_gpus from Learn network-table note: 'Bandwidth is per NIC to up to 100,000 GPUs through InfiniBand'.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "GB200-NVL72",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (5th-gen NVLink, 4x 1.8 TB/s per VM; NVL72 rack domain of 72 GPUs across 18 VMs with 130 TB/s cross-sectional NVLink (Microsoft Learn))",
        "scale-out ~28800 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 100000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "BM.GPU.H100.8",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM (bare metal)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (8x NVIDIA H100 80GB Tensor Core per Oracle shape table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RDMA cluster network: '8x2x200 Gb/sec RDMA' = 3,200 Gbps per node (Oracle price-list shape table); 'up to 3,200 Gb/sec of RDMA cluster network bandwidth' (Oracle GPU page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 16384,
      "regions": [
        "uk-london-1 (UK South, London)",
        "us-chicago-1 (US Midwest, Chicago)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 10,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand (PAY_AS_YOU_GO)",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/cetools/api/v1/products/?partNumber=B98415",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Oracle prices per GPU-hour directly: part B98415 'Compute - GPU - H100', $10.00/GPU/hr PAY_AS_YOU_GO ($80/node). Oracle publishes one global list price; regions field left empty. Supercluster max: 16,384 H100 GPUs (Oracle GPU page footnote). [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/oci-compute-instances-nvidia-ampere-2023-09-19/ — PARTIAL: Oracle publishes no per-region GPU shape matrix. These two regions are from the Sep 2023 launch press release (]",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~200 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 16384 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "BM.GPU.H200.8",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM (bare metal)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (8x NVIDIA H200 141GB Tensor Core per Oracle shape table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RDMA cluster network: '8x1x400 Gb/sec RDMA' = 3,200 Gbps per node (Oracle price-list shape table)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 65536,
      "regions": [],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 10,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand (PAY_AS_YOU_GO)",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/cetools/api/v1/products/?partNumber=B110519",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Part B110519 'OCI - Compute - GPU - H200', $10.00/GPU/hr PAY_AS_YOU_GO — same per-GPU rate as H100. Supercluster max: 65,536 H200 GPUs (Oracle GPU page footnote).",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink (8x NVIDIA H200 141GB Tensor Core per Oracle shape table))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 65536 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "BM.GPU.B200.8",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM (bare metal)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (8x Nvidia B200 180GB per Oracle shape table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RDMA cluster network: '8x400 Gb/sec' = 3,200 Gbps per node (Oracle price-list shape table; fabric protocol not named for this row)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 131072,
      "regions": [],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 14,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand (PAY_AS_YOU_GO)",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/cetools/api/v1/products/?partNumber=B110978",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Part B110978 'OCI - Compute - GPU - B200', $14.00/GPU/hr PAY_AS_YOU_GO ($112/node). Supercluster max: 131,072 B200 GPUs (Oracle GPU page footnote).",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "BM.GPU.GB200.4",
      "accelerator": "GB200 (4x B200 189GB in NVL72)",
      "vram_gb": 189,
      "form_factor": "Superchip/NVL72 (bare metal, Grace + Blackwell)",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": "NVLink NVL72 rack domain ('4x Nvidia B200 189GB (NVL72)' per Oracle shape table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "'4x400 Gb/sec InfiniBand' = 1,600 Gbps per node (Oracle price-list shape table)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 131072,
      "regions": [],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 16,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand (PAY_AS_YOU_GO)",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/cetools/api/v1/products/?partNumber=B110979",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Part B110979 'OCI - Compute - GPU - GB200', $16.00/GPU/hr PAY_AS_YOU_GO. Oracle GPU page footnote: Supercluster scales to '131,072 NVIDIA Blackwell B200 GPUs in NVIDIA Grace Blackwell GB200 Superchips'; page also says GB200 superclusters 'scale to more than 100,000 GPUs'.",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "GB200-NVL72",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink NVL72 rack domain ('4x Nvidia B200 189GB (NVL72)' per Oracle shape table))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 131072 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "B200 Pod (Secure Cloud)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "US-CA-2",
        "US-DE-1",
        "US-GA-1",
        "US-GA-2",
        "US-IL-1",
        "US-KS-2",
        "US-NC-1",
        "US-TX-3",
        "US-TX-4",
        "US-WA-1",
        "CA-MTL-3",
        "EU-CZ-1",
        "EU-FR-1",
        "EU-NL-1",
        "EU-RO-1",
        "EU-SE-1",
        "EUR-IS-2",
        "OC-AU-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.79,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.runpod.io/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Page lists B200 as '180 GB VRAM'. B300 (288GB HBM3e) also listed at $7.89/hr. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.runpod.io/api-reference-v2/catalog/list-data-centers]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H200 Pod (Secure Cloud)",
      "accelerator": "H200",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.59,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.runpod.io/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Instant Clusters H200 SXM listed separately at $4.31/hr (clusters scale up to 64 GPUs).",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 SXM Pod (Secure Cloud)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.49,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.runpod.io/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "H100 NVL (94GB) also listed at $3.19/hr.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 PCIe Pod (Secure Cloud)",
      "accelerator": "H100-PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.89,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.runpod.io/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": null,
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "A100 SXM Pod (Secure Cloud)",
      "accelerator": "A100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.59,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.runpod.io/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "A100 PCIe listed at the same $1.59/hr. Instant Clusters A100 SXM at $1.79/hr.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "RTX 4090 Pod (Secure Cloud)",
      "accelerator": "RTX-4090",
      "vram_gb": 24,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.74,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.runpod.io/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "RTX 5090 (32GB) listed at $0.99/hr on the same page. Community Cloud prices stated as typically 15-30% lower than Secure Cloud.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "RTX4090",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 SXM5 on-demand",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        "Evoque Dallas data center"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.25,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.tensordock.com/gpu-h100.html",
      "price_qualifier": "starting-at",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'From $2.25/hr' with 8x minimum allocation; host pricing staggered $1.90-$2.50/hr ($1.90 availability not guaranteed). Benchmarks page lists H100 SXM5 at $2.12/hr. Hostnode: 8x H100 SXM5, 640GB combined VRAM, 27TB NVMe, 10 Gbps connectivity; bare-metal hostnode $16.00/hr. Max contiguous published config is one 8-GPU hostnode.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "TensorDock",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 SXM5 spot",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        "Evoque Dallas data center"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.91,
      "pricing_model": "spot",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.tensordock.com/gpu-h100.html",
      "price_qualifier": "starting-at",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Minimum bid $1.91/hr; fluctuates with market conditions.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "TensorDock",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 PCIe 80GB",
      "accelerator": "H100-PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.tensordock.com/benchmarks.html",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "Price from benchmarks page; marketplace of independent hosts, same GPU has multiple prices.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "TensorDock",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "A100 SXM4 80GB",
      "accelerator": "A100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.65,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.tensordock.com/benchmarks.html",
      "price_qualifier": "starting-at",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "Benchmarks page $1.65/hr; homepage says 'From $1.80/hr' - pages disagree. A100 PCIe 80GB listed at $1.63/hr.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "TensorDock",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "RTX 4090 24GB",
      "accelerator": "RTX-4090",
      "vram_gb": 24,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.35,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://tensordock.com",
      "price_qualifier": "starting-at",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "Homepage 'From $0.35/hr' (low end); benchmarks page lists $0.41-$0.43/hr.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "TensorDock",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "RTX4090",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 80GB on-demand (aggregated)",
      "accelerator": "H100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.43,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://primeintellect.ai/",
      "price_qualifier": "illustrative",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "Homepage marketplace widget: H100, 80GB VRAM, 185GB RAM, 32 vCPU, $2.43/HR. Underlying provider not identified.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Prime Intellect",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 80GB spot (aggregated)",
      "accelerator": "H100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.94,
      "pricing_model": "spot",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://primeintellect.ai/",
      "price_qualifier": "illustrative",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "Shown as 'Spot 0.94/HR' on the same H100 row.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Prime Intellect",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H200 141GB (aggregated)",
      "accelerator": "H200",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.14,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://primeintellect.ai/",
      "price_qualifier": "illustrative",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "141GB VRAM, 182GB RAM, 44 vCPUs, $3.14/HR. This is the only H200 row with spec-consistent VRAM (see fabric_notes on excluded rows).",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Prime Intellect",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "B200 192GB (aggregated)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.49,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://primeintellect.ai/",
      "price_qualifier": "illustrative",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "192GB VRAM, 384GB RAM, 32 vCPU, $3.49/hr.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Prime Intellect",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "B300 288GB (aggregated)",
      "accelerator": "B300",
      "vram_gb": 288,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://primeintellect.ai/",
      "price_qualifier": "illustrative",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "288GB VRAM, 480GB RAM, 48 vCPU, $4.99/HR.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Prime Intellect",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B300",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA B200 SXM",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "CANADA-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Reserved rate also published at $5.10/GPU/hr. Docs flavor page lists 8x-only config, 252 vCPU / 2048 GB RAM, default network bandwidth only (no SR-IOV noted for B200). NVLink not explicitly stated on fetched pages.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA H200 SXM",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "SR-IOV Ethernet up to 350 Gbps inter-VM (default up to 16 Gbps)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "CANADA-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Reserved rate also published at $2.79/GPU/hr. 8x-only flavor per docs. NVLink not explicitly stated in fetched flavor table despite SXM form factor.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA H100 SXM",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "SR-IOV Ethernet up to 350 Gbps inter-VM (default up to 16 Gbps)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "CANADA-1",
        "US-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.2,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "8x-only flavor, 192 vCPU, 1800 GB RAM (CANADA-1) / 960 GB (US-1) per docs. NVLink not explicitly stated in fetched flavor table.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA H100 SXM (reserved)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "SR-IOV Ethernet up to 350 Gbps inter-VM (default up to 16 Gbps)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "CANADA-1",
        "US-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.72,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Pricing page states reserved contracts are invoiced monthly but does not publish minimum commitment periods.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA H100 PCIe",
      "accelerator": "H100-PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "SR-IOV Ethernet up to 350 Gbps inter-VM (default up to 16 Gbps)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "CANADA-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.5,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "1x/2x/4x/8x configs per docs (8 is max). Reserved rate also published at $1.75/GPU/hr. Separate 'H100 NVLink' SKU (PCIe + NVLink, 8x flavor) published at $2.60/GPU/hr on-demand.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA A100 PCIe 80GB",
      "accelerator": "A100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "CANADA-1"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.35,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "1x/2x/4x/8x configs (8 max). Related published SKUs: A100 SXM (US-1) $1.60/hr, A100 NVLink $1.40/hr on-demand; A100 reserved from $0.95/hr (variant not specified on pricing page).",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "B300 SXM6",
      "accelerator": "B300",
      "vram_gb": 268,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "FIN-03 (Helsinki, Finland)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.5,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot price $3.75/hr also published. Pricing page lists VRAM as 268GB. Long-term self-service discounts published: 2% (1-mo), 3% (3-mo), 4% (6-mo), 8% (1-yr), 25% (2-yr) off on-demand. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.verda.com/clusters/instant-clusters/ — Instant Clusters docs state B300 (with H200/B200) 'currently available in FIN-03'. No per-SKU location matrix for single]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B300",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "B200 SXM6",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "FIN-03 (Helsinki, Finland)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.11,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot price $3.06/hr also published. Pricing page lists VRAM as 180GB (not 192GB). Same long-term discount schedule applies (up to 25% for 2-yr). [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.verda.com/clusters/instant-clusters/ — FIN-03 documented for B200 Instant Clusters. On-demand single-instance location availability is shown dynamically in con]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H200 SXM5",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "FIN-03 (Helsinki, Finland)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot price $2.00/hr also published. Per-GPU pricing shown with 44 vCPU / 170GB RAM per GPU. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.verda.com/clusters/instant-clusters/ — FIN-03 documented for H200 Instant Clusters; vendor blog (2024) says Europe's first H200s deployed in its Finland DCs. P]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 SXM5",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.25,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot price $1.63/hr also published.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "A100 SXM4 80GB",
      "accelerator": "A100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.79,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot price $0.895/hr also published. A100 SXM4 40GB variant also listed at $1.29/hr OD ($0.645 spot).",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "L40S",
      "accelerator": "L40S",
      "vram_gb": 48,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.37,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot price $0.685/hr also published.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "L40S",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100-SXM (H100-SXM-*-80G)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": "NVLink",
      "inter_node_fabric": "Up to 20 Gbps Ethernet",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "EU (Paris PAR-2, DC5)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.61,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://gpuperhour.com/providers/scaleway",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Hardware specs (80GB HBM3 3.35TB/s per GPU, NVLink, up to 20 Gbps network, PAR-2, 99.5% SLA) are published on scaleway.com/en/h100-sxm/. Price is from third-party tracker gpuperhour.com (USD as listed) because Scaleway's official pricing page renders PAR-2 EUR prices client-side and they could not be extracted.",
      "source_class": "third-party",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Scaleway",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100-1-80G",
      "accelerator": "H100-PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 2,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "Up to 20 Gbps Ethernet",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "EU (Paris PAR-2, Warsaw WAW-2)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.34,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://gpuperhour.com/providers/scaleway",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "gpus_per_node = 2 is the max published config (H100-1-80G and H100-2-80G) per scaleway.com/en/h100/. Specs (80GB HBM2e 2TB/s, PCIe, 20 Gbps) published on official product page; price from third-party tracker (USD as listed).",
      "source_class": "third-party",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Scaleway",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "L40S (L40S-*-48G)",
      "accelerator": "L40S",
      "vram_gb": 48,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "EU (Paris PAR-2)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.68,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://gpuperhour.com/providers/scaleway",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Official pricing page lists L40S-1-48G through L40S-8-48G (so up to 8 GPUs/instance) available in PAR-2, but EUR rates are client-rendered and not extractable; price from third-party tracker (USD as listed).",
      "source_class": "third-party",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Scaleway",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "L40S",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "L4-1-24G",
      "accelerator": "L4",
      "vram_gb": 24,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "2.5-20 Gbps Ethernet",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "EU (Paris PAR-1)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.87,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.scaleway.com/en/pricing/gpu/",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Official published price EUR 0.79/GPU/hr, converted at ~1.10 USD/EUR = $0.87. Scales linearly to L4-8-24G (8 GPUs, EUR 6.30/hr total). Included as the one fully first-party-priced Scaleway offering; L4 is below datacenter-class focus.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Scaleway",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "L4",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "B300-SXM-8-288G",
      "accelerator": "B300",
      "vram_gb": 288,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "EU (Paris PAR-2)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 8.74,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://gpuperhour.com/providers/scaleway",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Instance name B300-SXM-8-288G (8 GPUs, 288G per GPU per Scaleway naming convention) confirmed on official pricing page; official EUR rate not extractable. Tracker price $8.74/GPU/hr USD; tracker lists VRAM as 262GB, conflicting with the official 288G instance name — VRAM recorded from official name.",
      "source_class": "third-party",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Scaleway",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B300",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Nvidia H200 (141 GB HBM3e, NVLink, 8-GPU instance)",
      "accelerator": "H200",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink",
      "inter_node_fabric": "Up to 25 Gbps Ethernet (public/private network)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.2,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/gpu/",
      "spec_confidence": "inferred",
      "notes": "Page publishes 'From $49.56/hour' with footnote '*Estimated pricing for 8 GPUs' — per-GPU rate of $6.195 (~$6.20) is inferred by dividing by 8, not stated directly. 8 GPUs/instance and 141 GB HBM3e per GPU published on the H200 product page. Exact instance name not published on fetched pages.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "OVHcloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Nvidia H100 (80 GB HBM2e, PCIe 5.0)",
      "accelerator": "H100-PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "Up to 25 Gbps Ethernet (public/private network)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "GRA11 (Gravelines, FR)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/gpu/",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'From $2.99/hour'. Page states '1-4 GPUs per instance' generally for GPU instances (4 recorded as max configurable). [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.ovhcloud.com/en/guides/public-cloud/compute/deploy-a-gpu-instance]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "OVHcloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Nvidia L40S (48 GB GDDR6, PCIe 4.0)",
      "accelerator": "L40S",
      "vram_gb": 48,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "Up to 25 Gbps Ethernet (public/private network)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "GRA11 (Gravelines, FR)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.8,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/gpu/",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'From $1.80/hour'. '1-4 GPUs per instance' general statement (4 recorded as max configurable). [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.ovhcloud.com/en/guides/public-cloud/compute/deploy-a-gpu-instance]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "OVHcloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "L40S",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Nvidia L4 (24 GB GDDR6, PCIe 4.0)",
      "accelerator": "L4",
      "vram_gb": 24,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "Up to 25 Gbps Ethernet (public/private network)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "GRA11 (Gravelines, FR)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/gpu/",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'From $1.00/hour'. Below datacenter-class focus; included for coverage since OVH no longer lists A100. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.ovhcloud.com/en/guides/public-cloud/compute/deploy-a-gpu-instance]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "OVHcloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "L4",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "HGX B200",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1000,
      "regions": [
        "US",
        "EU",
        "Asia",
        "Middle East"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 8.19,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/gpu-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Page lists B200 VRAM as 180 GB. Published scale: 256 to 1,000+ GPUs (max_contiguous recorded as 1000, page says '1,000+'). Managed Kubernetes or Slurm on Kubernetes.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 1000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "HGX B200 (reserved)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1000,
      "regions": [
        "US",
        "EU",
        "Asia",
        "Middle East"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.79,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/gpu-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'Starting at $6.79/hr'. Page states reserved options up to 6 months with upfront payment; exact minimum term not published.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 1000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H200",
      "accelerator": "H200",
      "vram_gb": 140,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1000,
      "regions": [
        "US",
        "EU",
        "Asia",
        "Middle East"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/gpu-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Page lists H200 VRAM as 140 GB (vendor spec is 141 GB; recorded as published). Published scale: 256 to 1,000 GPUs.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H200 (reserved)",
      "accelerator": "H200",
      "vram_gb": 140,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1000,
      "regions": [
        "US",
        "EU",
        "Asia",
        "Middle East"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.99,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/gpu-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'Starting at $3.99/hr'. Reserved options up to 6 months with upfront payment.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100",
      "accelerator": "H100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 256,
      "regions": [
        "US",
        "EU",
        "Asia",
        "Middle East"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/gpu-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Published scale: 8 to 256 GPUs. SXM vs PCIe not distinguished on the page.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 (reserved)",
      "accelerator": "H100",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 256,
      "regions": [
        "US",
        "EU",
        "Asia",
        "Middle East"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.19,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/gpu-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "'Starting at $3.19/hr'. Reserved options up to 6 months with upfront payment.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5.48xlarge (1-182 day block)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFA, 3200 Gbps per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.191,
      "pricing_model": "capacity-block",
      "min_commit": "1-182 day block",
      "source_url": "https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/capacityblocks/pricing/",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] EC2 Capacity Blocks for ML: reservations of 1-14 days (extendable to 182) purchased up front; price shown is the currently published per-instance-hour rate for US regions on the AWS pricing page (Capacity Block prices vary with supply/demand at purchase time). $41.528/instance-hr = $5.191/GPU-hr (AWS also lists it per accelerator). Lower rate of $37.76/instance-hr published for APAC/Europe/South America. Discount computed vs on-demand $55.04/instance-hr (us-east-1, post-June-2025 price cut). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5e.48xlarge (1-182 day block)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv3 (Nitro v5), 3200 Gbps per instance, 'up to 35% improvement in latency' vs earlier EFA (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.97,
      "pricing_model": "capacity-block",
      "min_commit": "1-182 day block",
      "source_url": "https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/capacityblocks/pricing/",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] EC2 Capacity Blocks for ML: reservations of 1-14 days (extendable to 182) purchased up front; price shown is the currently published per-instance-hour rate for US regions on the AWS pricing page (Capacity Block prices vary with supply/demand at purchase time). $47.76/instance-hr = $5.97/GPU-hr, all listed regions. No on-demand price exists for p5e in the us-east-1 feed, so discount is not computable. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5en.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total)",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5en.48xlarge (1-182 day block)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv3 (Nitro v5), 3200 Gbps per instance, 'up to 35% improvement in latency' vs earlier EFA (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.865,
      "pricing_model": "capacity-block",
      "min_commit": "1-182 day block",
      "source_url": "https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/capacityblocks/pricing/",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] EC2 Capacity Blocks for ML: reservations of 1-14 days (extendable to 182) purchased up front; price shown is the currently published per-instance-hour rate for US regions on the AWS pricing page (Capacity Block prices vary with supply/demand at purchase time). $54.920/instance-hr = $6.865/GPU-hr (US regions; Europe/APAC $49.928 = $6.241/GPU-hr). Discount vs on-demand $63.296/instance-hr (us-east-1). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5en.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total)",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p6-b200.48xlarge (1-182 day block)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 179,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 'up to 14.4 TB/s of total bidirectional NVLink bandwidth' (AWS P6 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv4, 3.2 Tbps per instance (AWS P6 page)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 12.355,
      "pricing_model": "capacity-block",
      "min_commit": "1-182 day block",
      "source_url": "https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/capacityblocks/pricing/",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] EC2 Capacity Blocks for ML: reservations of 1-14 days (extendable to 182) purchased up front; price shown is the currently published per-instance-hour rate for US regions on the AWS pricing page (Capacity Block prices vary with supply/demand at purchase time). $98.84/instance-hr = $12.355/GPU-hr most regions (GovCloud $102.96 = $12.87/GPU-hr). Discount vs on-demand $113.9328/instance-hr (us-east-1). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p6-b200.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "u-p6e-gb200x72 (1-182 day block)",
      "accelerator": "GB200 (Blackwell, NVL72)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 10.582,
      "pricing_model": "capacity-block",
      "min_commit": "1-182 day block",
      "source_url": "https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/capacityblocks/pricing/",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] P6e GB200 UltraServer sold as full NVL72 rack via Capacity Blocks ONLY: u-p6e-gb200x72 $761.904/UltraServer-hr = $10.582/GPU-hr (72 GPUs); half-rack u-p6e-gb200x36 $380.952/hr, same per-GPU rate. No on-demand, RI, or Savings Plan path exists for GB200 on AWS, so no discount baseline.",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "GB200-NVL72",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5.48xlarge (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFA, 3200 Gbps per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.3344,
      "pricing_model": "savings-plan",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/savingsPlan/v1.0/aws/AWSComputeSavingsPlan/20260910180814/us-east-1/index.csv",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] AWS Savings Plans price file (official pricing API), version 2026-09-10, us-east-1, Linux/shared tenancy, BoxUsage RunInstances rate. EC2 Instance Savings Plan (p5 family), 1yr No Upfront $34.6752/instance-hr = $4.3344/GPU-hr (37.0% off on-demand $55.04). Partial Upfront $33.024; All Upfront $32.36352 = $4.0454/GPU-hr (41.2% off). Compute SP 1yr No Upfront is $43.344. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5.48xlarge (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFA, 3200 Gbps per instance (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.9722,
      "pricing_model": "savings-plan",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/savingsPlan/v1.0/aws/AWSComputeSavingsPlan/20260910180814/us-east-1/index.csv",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] AWS Savings Plans price file (official pricing API), version 2026-09-10, us-east-1, Linux/shared tenancy, BoxUsage RunInstances rate. EC2 Instance Savings Plan, 3yr No Upfront $23.77728/instance-hr = $2.9722/GPU-hr (56.8% off). All Upfront $20.69504 = $2.5869/GPU-hr (62.4% off) - the deepest published AWS H100 rate. Compute SP 3yr No Upfront is $40.42138. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch, 3.6 TB/s bisectional bandwidth per instance (AWS P5 page))",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5en.48xlarge (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv3 (Nitro v5), 3200 Gbps per instance, 'up to 35% improvement in latency' vs earlier EFA (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.9846,
      "pricing_model": "savings-plan",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/savingsPlan/v1.0/aws/AWSComputeSavingsPlan/20260910180814/us-east-1/index.csv",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] AWS Savings Plans price file (official pricing API), version 2026-09-10, us-east-1, Linux/shared tenancy, BoxUsage RunInstances rate. EC2 Instance Savings Plan (p5en family), 1yr No Upfront $39.87648/instance-hr = $4.9846/GPU-hr (37.0% off on-demand $63.296). All Upfront $37.21805 = $4.6523/GPU-hr (41.2% off). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5en.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total)",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p5en.48xlarge (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv3 (Nitro v5), 3200 Gbps per instance, 'up to 35% improvement in latency' vs earlier EFA (AWS P5 page)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 20000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.418,
      "pricing_model": "savings-plan",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/savingsPlan/v1.0/aws/AWSComputeSavingsPlan/20260910180814/us-east-1/index.csv",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] AWS Savings Plans price file (official pricing API), version 2026-09-10, us-east-1, Linux/shared tenancy, BoxUsage RunInstances rate. EC2 Instance Savings Plan, 3yr No Upfront $27.34387/instance-hr = $3.4180/GPU-hr (56.8% off). All Upfront $23.7993 = $2.9749/GPU-hr (62.4% off). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p5en.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink/NVSwitch, 900 GB/s NVSwitch (AWS P5 page); 1128 GB HBM3e total)",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 20000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p6-b200.48xlarge (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 179,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 'up to 14.4 TB/s of total bidirectional NVLink bandwidth' (AWS P6 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv4, 3.2 Tbps per instance (AWS P6 page)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 11.2153,
      "pricing_model": "savings-plan",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/savingsPlan/v1.0/aws/AWSComputeSavingsPlan/20260910180814/us-east-1/index.csv",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] AWS Savings Plans price file (official pricing API), version 2026-09-10, us-east-1, Linux/shared tenancy, BoxUsage RunInstances rate. NOTE: no 1yr EC2 Instance Savings Plan is published for p6-b200 (3yr only). This row is the Compute Savings Plan 1yr No Upfront: $89.72208/instance-hr = $11.2153/GPU-hr (21.3% off on-demand $113.9328). All Upfront $83.74061 = $10.4676/GPU-hr (26.5% off). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p6-b200.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "p6-b200.48xlarge (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 179,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 'up to 14.4 TB/s of total bidirectional NVLink bandwidth' (AWS P6 page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "EFAv4, 3.2 Tbps per instance (AWS P6 page)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.1524,
      "pricing_model": "savings-plan",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/savingsPlan/v1.0/aws/AWSComputeSavingsPlan/20260910180814/us-east-1/index.csv",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] AWS Savings Plans price file (official pricing API), version 2026-09-10, us-east-1, Linux/shared tenancy, BoxUsage RunInstances rate. EC2 Instance Savings Plan (p6-b200 family), 3yr No Upfront $49.21897/instance-hr = $6.1524/GPU-hr (56.8% off). All Upfront $42.83873 = $5.3548/GPU-hr (62.4% off). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'p6-b200.48xlarge']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5 (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink 4.0 (Microsoft Learn ND H100 v5 page); 640 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: 'dedicated, topology-agnostic 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connection' per GPU, 3.2 Tbps per VM, GPUDirect RDMA (Microsoft Learn)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.8656,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5' and priceType eq 'Reservation'",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Azure Retail Prices API Reservation total $551,221 for 1yr in eastus (identical in eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3 where listed). Math: 551,221 / 8,760 hrs = $62.9248/VM-hr / 8 GPUs = $7.8656/GPU-hr. On-demand Linux baseline $98.32/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5 (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink 4.0 (Microsoft Learn ND H100 v5 page); 640 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: 'dedicated, topology-agnostic 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connection' per GPU, 3.2 Tbps per VM, GPUDirect RDMA (Microsoft Learn)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.3953,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5' and priceType eq 'Reservation'",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Azure Retail Prices API Reservation total $1,134,310 for 3yr in eastus (identical in eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3 where listed). Math: 1,134,310 / 26,280 hrs = $43.1625/VM-hr / 8 GPUs = $5.3953/GPU-hr. On-demand Linux baseline $98.32/VM-hr. A 5yr term is also published: $1,722,566 = $39.3280/VM-hr = $4.9160/GPU-hr (60.0% off). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'Standard_ND96isr_H100_v5']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5 (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 900 GB/s (Microsoft Learn ND H200 v5 page); 1,128 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: dedicated 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand per GPU, 3.2 Tb/s per VM, GPUDirect RDMA (Microsoft Learn)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.8152,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5' and priceType eq 'Reservation'",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Azure Retail Prices API Reservation total $407,526 for 1yr in eastus2 (identical in eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3 where listed). Math: 407,526 / 8,760 hrs = $46.5212/VM-hr / 8 GPUs = $5.8152/GPU-hr. On-demand Linux baseline $84.8/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5 (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, 900 GB/s (Microsoft Learn ND H200 v5 page); 1,128 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: dedicated 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand per GPU, 3.2 Tb/s per VM, GPUDirect RDMA (Microsoft Learn)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.2777,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5' and priceType eq 'Reservation'",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Azure Retail Prices API Reservation total $1,109,592 for 3yr in eastus2 (identical in eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3 where listed). Math: 1,109,592 / 26,280 hrs = $42.2219/VM-hr / 8 GPUs = $5.2777/GPU-hr. On-demand Linux baseline $84.8/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'Standard_ND96isr_H200_v5']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6 (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "GB200 (Blackwell)",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": "SXM/superchip (2x Grace CPU + 4x Blackwell GPU per VM)",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": "5th-gen NVLink, 4x 1.8 TB/s per VM; NVL72 rack domain of 72 GPUs across 18 VMs with 130 TB/s cross-sectional NVLink (Microsoft Learn)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: 4x 400 Gb/s NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connections per VM (one 400 Gb/s NIC per GPU); 28.8 Tb/s scale-out networking per 72-GPU rack (Microsoft Learn)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 100000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 17.3056,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6' and priceType eq 'Reservation'",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Azure Retail Prices API Reservation total $606,388 for 1yr in eastus (identical in eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3 where listed). Math: 606,388 / 8,760 hrs = $69.2224/VM-hr / 4 GPUs = $17.3056/GPU-hr. On-demand Linux baseline $108.16/VM-hr. VM is a quarter of a GB200 NVL72 rack: 4 Blackwell GPUs + 2 Grace CPUs per VM. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "GB200-NVL72",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (5th-gen NVLink, 4x 1.8 TB/s per VM; NVL72 rack domain of 72 GPUs across 18 VMs with 130 TB/s cross-sectional NVLink (Microsoft Learn))",
        "scale-out ~28800 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 100000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6 (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "GB200 (Blackwell)",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": "SXM/superchip (2x Grace CPU + 4x Blackwell GPU per VM)",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": "5th-gen NVLink, 4x 1.8 TB/s per VM; NVL72 rack domain of 72 GPUs across 18 VMs with 130 TB/s cross-sectional NVLink (Microsoft Learn)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand NDR: 4x 400 Gb/s NVIDIA Quantum-2 CX7 InfiniBand connections per VM (one 400 Gb/s NIC per GPU); 28.8 Tb/s scale-out networking per 72-GPU rack (Microsoft Learn)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 100000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 11.8976,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://prices.azure.com/api/retail/prices?$filter=armSkuName eq 'Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6' and priceType eq 'Reservation'",
      "source_class": "official-api",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Azure Retail Prices API Reservation total $1,250,676 for 3yr in eastus (identical in eastus/eastus2/westus2/westus3 where listed). Math: 1,250,676 / 26,280 hrs = $47.5904/VM-hr / 4 GPUs = $11.8976/GPU-hr. On-demand Linux baseline $108.16/VM-hr. VM is a quarter of a GB200 NVL72 rack: 4 Blackwell GPUs + 2 Grace CPUs per VM. No savings-plan rates exist for any ND-series SKU (savingsPlan field null in the 2023-01-01-preview API). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'Standard_ND128isr_NDR_GB200_v6']",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "GB200-NVL72",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (5th-gen NVLink, 4x 1.8 TB/s per VM; NVL72 rack domain of 72 GPUs across 18 VMs with 130 TB/s cross-sectional NVLink (Microsoft Learn))",
        "scale-out ~28800 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity 100000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-highgpu-8g (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (nvidia-h100-80gb, 640 GB total per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "gVNIC with GPUDirect-TCPX, 1,000 Gbps max per VM, 5 NICs (Google accelerator-optimized machines doc table)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.673,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 1yr CUD $61.383674231/VM-hr / 8 = $7.6730/GPU-hr. On-demand $88.490000119/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a3-highgpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-highgpu-8g (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (nvidia-h100-80gb, 640 GB total per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "gVNIC with GPUDirect-TCPX, 1,000 Gbps max per VM, 5 NICs (Google accelerator-optimized machines doc table)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.858,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 3yr CUD $38.864383195/VM-hr / 8 = $4.8580/GPU-hr. On-demand $88.490000119/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a3-highgpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-megagpu-8g (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM (mega)",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (640 GB total GPU memory per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "gVNIC with GPUDirect-TCPXO, 1,800 Gbps max per VM, 9 NICs — 'doubles the network bandwidth when compared to the A3 High' (Google doc)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 8.0258,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 1yr CUD $64.206558727/VM-hr / 8 = $8.0258/GPU-hr. On-demand $93.400712807/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a3-megagpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-megagpu-8g (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM (mega)",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (640 GB total GPU memory per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "gVNIC with GPUDirect-TCPXO, 1,800 Gbps max per VM, 9 NICs — 'doubles the network bandwidth when compared to the A3 High' (Google doc)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.0813,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 3yr CUD $40.650103355/VM-hr / 8 = $5.0813/GPU-hr. On-demand $93.400712807/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a3-megagpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-ultragpu-8g (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (1,128 GB total GPU memory per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) via ConnectX-7, 3,600 Gbps max per VM, 10 NICs (Google doc table)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.309,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 1yr CUD $58.471933151/VM-hr / 8 = $7.3090/GPU-hr. On-demand $84.806908493/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a3-ultragpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a3-ultragpu-8g (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (1,128 GB total GPU memory per Google machine table)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) via ConnectX-7, 3,600 Gbps max per VM, 10 NICs (Google doc table)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.6511,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 3yr CUD $37.208420822/VM-hr / 8 = $4.6511/GPU-hr. On-demand $84.806908493/VM-hr. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a3-ultragpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a4-highgpu-8g (1yr)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink 1,800 GBps bidirectional per GPU, up to 14.4 TBps aggregate all-to-all (Google doc); 1,440 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RoCE via NVIDIA ConnectX-7 NICs on Google's four-way rail-aligned network, 3,600 Gbps max per VM, 10 NICs (Google doc)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 11.1159,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 1yr CUD $88.9272/VM-hr / 8 = $11.1159/GPU-hr. No on-demand price exists for A4 (on-demand column = N/A; access is via CUD, DWS Flex-start $64.44/VM-hr, DWS Calendar $90.22/VM-hr, or Spot $39.6336/VM-hr), so no discount baseline. Note the published 1yr CUD is ABOVE the DWS Flex-start rate. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a4-highgpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a4-highgpu-8g (3yr)",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM (NVLink baseboard)",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink 1,800 GBps bidirectional per GPU, up to 14.4 TBps aggregate all-to-all (Google doc); 1,440 GB total GPU memory",
      "inter_node_fabric": "RoCE via NVIDIA ConnectX-7 NICs on Google's four-way rail-aligned network, 3,600 Gbps max per VM, 10 NICs (Google doc)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.0884,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "3yr",
      "source_url": "https://cloud.google.com/products/compute/pricing/accelerator-optimized",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Official Google accelerator-optimized VM pricing page (server-rendered table, default region Iowa us-central1), 'Compute Resource CUDs' column, per-VM per-hour. 3yr CUD $56.7072/VM-hr / 8 = $7.0884/GPU-hr. No on-demand baseline (see 1yr row). 3yr CUD $56.7072/VM-hr = $7.0884/GPU-hr is 37.1% below DWS Calendar Mode ($90.22/VM-hr). [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'a4-highgpu-8g']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1-Click Cluster 64x H100 (2 weeks - 1 year)",
      "accelerator": "H100 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "inter_node_fabric": "NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP acceleration (per-node bandwidth not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 2000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.85,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 weeks - 1 year",
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/service/gpu-cloud/1-click-clusters",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published committed cluster rate, 64-GPU tier. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling '1-Click Cluster — NVIDIA H100']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 2000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1-Click Cluster 256x H100 (2 weeks - 1 year)",
      "accelerator": "H100 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "inter_node_fabric": "NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP acceleration (per-node bandwidth not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 2000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.54,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 weeks - 1 year",
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/service/gpu-cloud/1-click-clusters",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published committed cluster rate, 256-GPU tier. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling '1-Click Cluster — NVIDIA H100']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 2000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1-Click Cluster 64x B200 (2 weeks - 1 year)",
      "accelerator": "B200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "inter_node_fabric": "NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP acceleration (per-node bandwidth not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 2000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 9.36,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 weeks - 1 year",
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/service/gpu-cloud/1-click-clusters",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published committed cluster rate, 64-GPU tier. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling '1-Click Cluster — NVIDIA HGX B200']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 2000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1-Click Cluster 256+x B200 (2 weeks - 1 year)",
      "accelerator": "B200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "inter_node_fabric": "NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP acceleration (per-node bandwidth not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 2000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 8.87,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 weeks - 1 year",
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/service/gpu-cloud/1-click-clusters",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published committed cluster rate, 256+ GPU tier. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling '1-Click Cluster — NVIDIA HGX B200']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 2000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved H200 SXM 141GB (reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly))",
      "accelerator": "H200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "inter_node_fabric": "SR-IOV Ethernet up to 350 Gbps inter-VM (default up to 16 Gbps)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.79,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly)",
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] 'Starting from' reserved price. On-demand $3.99. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'NVIDIA H200 SXM']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved H100 PCIe 80GB (reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly))",
      "accelerator": "H100 PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "inter_node_fabric": "SR-IOV Ethernet up to 350 Gbps inter-VM (default up to 16 Gbps)",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.75,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly)",
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] 'Starting from' reserved price. On-demand $2.50. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'NVIDIA H100 PCIe']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved A100 SXM 80GB (reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly))",
      "accelerator": "A100 SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.36,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly)",
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] 'Starting from' reserved price. On-demand $1.60. A100 NVLink reserved $0.98 (OD $1.40), A100 PCIe reserved $0.95 (OD $1.35).",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved B200 180GB (reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly))",
      "accelerator": "B200",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.1,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "reservation (min term not stated on page; invoiced monthly)",
      "source_url": "https://www.hyperstack.cloud/gpu-pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] 'Starting from' reserved price. On-demand $6.00. B300 on-demand $7.40 listed with no reserved price. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'NVIDIA B200 SXM']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term H100 SXM5 80GB, 1yr (1 year)",
      "accelerator": "H100 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.01,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1 year",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived: published long-term discount schedule (1mo 2%, 3mo 3%, 6mo 4%, 1yr 8%, 2yr 25%) applied to published on-demand $3.27. Spot $1.63. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'H100 SXM5']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term H100 SXM5 80GB, 2yr (2 years)",
      "accelerator": "H100 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.45,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 years",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 25% 2-year discount on on-demand $3.27. Custom quotes also available. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'H100 SXM5']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term H200 SXM5 141GB, 1yr (1 year)",
      "accelerator": "H200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.9,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1 year",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 8% 1-year discount on on-demand $4.24. Spot $2.12. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'H200 SXM5']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term H200 SXM5 141GB, 2yr (2 years)",
      "accelerator": "H200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.18,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 years",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 25% 2-year discount on on-demand $4.24. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'H200 SXM5']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term B200 SXM6 180GB, 1yr (1 year)",
      "accelerator": "B200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 5.79,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1 year",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 8% 1-year discount on on-demand $6.29. Spot $3.15. B300 OD $7.65, GB300 OD $8.80 also published. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'B200 SXM6']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term B200 SXM6 180GB, 2yr (2 years)",
      "accelerator": "B200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.72,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 years",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 25% 2-year discount on on-demand $6.29. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'B200 SXM6']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term A100 SXM4 80GB, 1yr (1 year)",
      "accelerator": "A100 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.59,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "1 year",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 8% 1-year discount on on-demand $1.73. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'A100 SXM4 80GB']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Long-term A100 SXM4 80GB, 2yr (2 years)",
      "accelerator": "A100 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.3,
      "pricing_model": "committed",
      "min_commit": "2 years",
      "source_url": "https://verda.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Derived from published 25% 2-year discount on on-demand $1.73. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'A100 SXM4 80GB']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved H100, 7-30 days (7-30 days)",
      "accelerator": "H100 SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.69,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "7-30 days",
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published reserved term ladder. On-demand $3.99. Preemptible $1.99.",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved H100, 31-90 days (31-90 days)",
      "accelerator": "H100 SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.45,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "31-90 days",
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published reserved term ladder. On-demand $3.99.",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved H200, 7-30 days (7-30 days)",
      "accelerator": "H200 SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.99,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "7-30 days",
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published reserved term ladder. On-demand $5.99. Preemptible $2.99.",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved H200, 31-90 days (31-90 days)",
      "accelerator": "H200 SXM",
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.15,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "31-90 days",
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published reserved term ladder. On-demand $5.99.",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved B200, 7-30 days (7-30 days)",
      "accelerator": "B200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.99,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "7-30 days",
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published reserved term ladder. On-demand $8.19. Preemptible $4.09. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'HGX B200 (reserved)']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "Reserved B200, 31-90 days (31-90 days)",
      "accelerator": "B200 SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "inter_node_fabric": "High-speed InfiniBand",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1000,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.79,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "31-90 days",
      "source_url": "https://www.together.ai/pricing",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "[reserved-pricing research 2026-09-14] Published reserved term ladder. On-demand $8.19. [fabric fields copied from on-demand sibling 'HGX B200 (reserved)']",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-14",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 (gb200-4x)",
      "accelerator": "GB200 (Blackwell, Grace Blackwell Superchip)",
      "vram_gb": 186,
      "form_factor": "superchip",
      "gpus_per_node": 4,
      "intra_node": "NVLink Switch System (per NVL72 docs)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "400 Gb/s NDR InfiniBand, NVIDIA Quantum-2 fabric",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "North America",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 10.5,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "docs state NVL72 must be deployed as full racks of 18 nodes",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.coreweave.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per instance: $42.00/hr for a 4-GPU instance (2 Superchips x 2 Blackwell GPUs); divided by 4. Separate 'inference' rate of $10.50/hr also listed. NVLink domain size (72 GPUs) not stated on fetched pages.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "GB200-NVL72",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX B200 (8x)",
      "accelerator": "B200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "8x NVIDIA ConnectX-7 InfiniBand HCAs, 400G NDR non-blocking NVIDIA Quantum-2 fabric, plus BlueField-3 DPU (per B200 release notes)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "North America",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 8.6,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.coreweave.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per instance: $68.80/hr for 8 GPUs; divided by 8. Spot also published: $34.11/instance-hr NA ($4.26/GPU), $34.87 Europe. 180 GB HBM3e per GPU per docs changelog.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H200 (gd-8xh200ib-i128)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink, up to 900 GB/s GPU-to-GPU (stated as 'Up to 900 Gbps' on product page)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand (instance ID carries 'ib'; CoreWeave HPC interconnect docs state Quantum-2/Quantum-X800 non-blocking fat-tree fabrics, but per-node bandwidth for H200 not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "North America",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.31,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.coreweave.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per instance: $50.44/hr for 8 GPUs; $6.305/GPU rounded to 6.31. Spot published: $20.93/instance NA, $20.64 Europe. Instance: 128 vCPU / 2048 GB RAM.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H100 (gd-8xh100ib-i128)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand (instance ID carries 'ib'; fabric generation per HPC interconnect docs is Quantum-2/Quantum-X800 non-blocking fat-tree, but per-node bandwidth for H100 not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "North America",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.16,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.coreweave.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per instance: $49.24/hr for 8 GPUs; $6.155/GPU rounded to 6.16. Instance: 128 vCPU / 2048 GB RAM.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H100 (gd-8xh100ib-i128) — Spot",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand (same instance as on-demand H100)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "North America",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.46,
      "pricing_model": "spot",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.coreweave.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Spot per instance: $19.71/hr NA ($2.46/GPU), $19.51/hr Europe ($2.44/GPU).",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA A100 (gd-8xa100-i128)",
      "accelerator": "A100 80GB",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "North America",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.7,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.coreweave.com/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per instance: $21.60/hr for 8 GPUs. Spot published: $9.65/instance NA, $9.51 Europe. Docs instance ID has no 'ib' suffix; no fabric stated.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "8x NVIDIA B200 SXM6 (on-demand instance)",
      "accelerator": "B200-SXM6",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.69,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/instances",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per GPU per hour. Smaller configs cost slightly more: 4x $6.79, 2x $6.89, 1x $6.99. No egress fees. Max contiguous for on-demand instances is the 8-GPU node; larger scale goes via 1-Click Clusters.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "8x NVIDIA H100 SXM (on-demand instance)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/instances",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per GPU per hour. 4x $4.09, 2x $4.19, 1x $4.29.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1x NVIDIA H100 PCIe (on-demand instance)",
      "accelerator": "H100-PCIe",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 1,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.29,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/instances",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Only listed as 1x configuration.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "8x NVIDIA A100 SXM 80GB (on-demand instance)",
      "accelerator": "A100-SXM 80GB",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.79,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/instances",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "A100 SXM 40GB also listed at $1.99/GPU/hr (8x).",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1-Click Cluster — NVIDIA HGX B200",
      "accelerator": "B200-SXM6",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP acceleration (per-node bandwidth not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 2000,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 9.86,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "16 GPUs, 2-week minimum term",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/1-click-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Tiered by size for 2wk-1yr terms: 16 GPUs $9.86, 64 GPUs $9.36, 256+ GPUs $8.87 per GPU/hr; 1yr+ is custom pricing. Page states clusters 'from 16 to 2,000+ NVIDIA GPUs' (2000 recorded as stated floor of the top range). Prices exclude sales tax/VAT/GST.",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 2000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "1-Click Cluster — NVIDIA H100",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP acceleration (per-node bandwidth not stated on fetched pages)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 2000,
      "regions": null,
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 6.16,
      "pricing_model": "reserved",
      "min_commit": "16 GPUs, 2-week minimum term",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://lambda.ai/1-click-clusters",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Tiered: 16 GPUs $6.16, 64 GPUs $5.85, 256 GPUs $5.54 per GPU/hr; 1yr+ custom. H100 form factor for 1CC nodes not explicitly stated on fetched page (B200 nodes explicitly 'HGX B200 SXM6').",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "fabric stated, bandwidth unquantified",
        "contiguity 2000 GPUs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "h200-141gb-sxm-ib.8x",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 3200 Gbps per 8-GPU instance (per docs VM overview)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eu-iceland1-a"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.29,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none stated",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/cloud/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per GPU per hour. Instance: 176 vCPU / 2000 GB RAM. InfiniBand included in cost of IB-enabled VMs; no ingress/egress charges. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.crusoecloud.com/compute/virtual-machines/overview/index.html — Docs VM overview table lists H200 IB 8x in eu-iceland1-a (Iceland) only. Region locations per docs.crusoecloud.com/refer]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Crusoe",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~3200 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "h100-80gb-sxm-ib.8x",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 3200 Gbps per 8-GPU instance (per docs VM overview)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-east1-a",
        "us-southcentral1-a",
        "eu-iceland1-a"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.9,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none stated",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/cloud/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Instance: 176 vCPU / 960 GB RAM. Self-serve inference tier for H100 listed separately at $5.50/hr. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.crusoecloud.com/compute/virtual-machines/overview/index.html — us-east1-a = Virginia, us-southcentral1-a = Houston TX, eu-iceland1-a = Iceland. us-northcentral1-a exists but is not li]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Crusoe",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~3200 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "mi300x-192gb-ib.8x",
      "accelerator": "AMD MI300X",
      "vram_gb": 192,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 3200 Gbps per 8-GPU instance (per docs VM overview)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-east1-a"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.45,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none stated",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/cloud/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Instance: 240 vCPU / 2000 GB RAM. MI355X (288GB, mi355x-288gb-roce.8x, 3200 Gbps RoCE) exists in docs but is contact-sales, no public price. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.crusoecloud.com/compute/virtual-machines/overview/index.html — MI300X available only in us-east1-a (Virginia) per docs table.]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Crusoe",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "MI300X",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric only, no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "a100-80gb-sxm-ib.8x",
      "accelerator": "A100-SXM 80GB",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 1600 Gbps per 8-GPU instance (per docs VM overview)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-east1-a"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.3,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none stated",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/cloud/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Pricing page lists 'A100 (SXM) 80GB $2.30' and 'A100 (PCIe) 80GB $2.00'. Non-IB A100 slices (1x/2x/4x/8x) also exist per docs. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.crusoecloud.com/compute/virtual-machines/overview/index.html — A100 SXM IB 8x only in us-east1-a (Virginia); non-IB a100-80gb.* variants also us-east1-a only.]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Crusoe",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~1600 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX B200 (gpu-b200-sxm platform)",
      "accelerator": "B200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (platform listed as 'B200 NVLink' in cluster docs; topology details not stated)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 400 Gbps per GPU / 3.2 Tbps per 8-GPU node, GPUDirect RDMA (per docs.nebius.com)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-central1 (Kansas City, MO)",
        "me-west1 (Israel)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 7.15,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://nebius.com/prices",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Priced per GPU per hour (20 vCPU / 224 GB RAM listed per GPU). vram_gb is the standard SKU value; Nebius pricing page does not state VRAM. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.nebius.com/compute/virtual-machines/types]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink (platform listed as 'B200 NVLink' in cluster docs; topology details not stated))",
        "scale-out ~3200 Gbps/GPU",
        "cluster product claim (contiguity unstated)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX B200 — preemptible",
      "accelerator": "B200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 180,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 400 Gbps per GPU / 3.2 Tbps per node (per docs.nebius.com)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "us-central1 (Kansas City, MO)",
        "me-west1 (Israel)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.95,
      "pricing_model": "spot",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://nebius.com/prices",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Preemptible tier; can be interrupted. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.nebius.com/compute/virtual-machines/types]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "B200",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H200 (gpu-h200-sxm platform)",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (platform listed as 'H200 NVLink' in cluster docs)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 400 Gbps per GPU / 3.2 Tbps per 8-GPU node, GPUDirect RDMA (per docs.nebius.com)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eu-north1 (Finland)",
        "eu-west1 (Paris, France)",
        "us-central1 (Kansas City, MO)",
        "eu-north2 (Iceland, private)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.5,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://nebius.com/prices",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per GPU per hour (16 vCPU / 200 GB RAM per GPU). vram_gb is the standard SKU value; not stated on pricing page. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.nebius.com/compute/virtual-machines/types]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink (platform listed as 'H200 NVLink' in cluster docs))",
        "scale-out ~3200 Gbps/GPU",
        "cluster product claim (contiguity unstated)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H200 — preemptible",
      "accelerator": "H200-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 141,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 400 Gbps per GPU / 3.2 Tbps per node (per docs.nebius.com)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eu-north1 (Finland)",
        "eu-west1 (Paris, France)",
        "us-central1 (Kansas City, MO)",
        "eu-north2 (Iceland, private)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.45,
      "pricing_model": "spot",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://nebius.com/prices",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Preemptible tier. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.nebius.com/compute/virtual-machines/types]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H100 (gpu-h100-sxm platform)",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (platform listed as 'H100 NVLink' in cluster docs)",
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 400 Gbps per GPU / 3.2 Tbps per 8-GPU node, GPUDirect RDMA (per docs.nebius.com)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eu-north1 (Finland)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 3.85,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://nebius.com/prices",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Per GPU per hour (16 vCPU / 200 GB RAM per GPU). vram_gb is standard SKU value; not stated on pricing page. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.nebius.com/compute/virtual-machines/types]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "A",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain (NVLink (platform listed as 'H100 NVLink' in cluster docs))",
        "scale-out ~3200 Gbps/GPU",
        "cluster product claim (contiguity unstated)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "NVIDIA HGX H100 — preemptible",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "InfiniBand, 400 Gbps per GPU / 3.2 Tbps per node (per docs.nebius.com)",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": null,
      "regions": [
        "eu-north1 (Finland)"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.15,
      "pricing_model": "spot",
      "min_commit": "none",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://nebius.com/prices",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "Preemptible tier. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://docs.nebius.com/compute/virtual-machines/types]",
      "source_class": "vendor-page",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "B",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-up domain present",
        "scale-out ~400 Gbps/GPU",
        "contiguity unstated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "HGX H100 on-demand",
      "accelerator": "H100-SXM (HGX)",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": null,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": "3,200 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand available (per homepage); Ethernet tier also offered; pricing page does not state which fabric the $1.99 rate applies to",
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 1016,
      "regions": [
        "Quincy, WA",
        "Puyallup, WA",
        "Salt Lake City, UT",
        "Fort Worth, TX",
        "Allen, TX",
        "Sterling, VA"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 1.99,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": "none ('rent one H100 GPU for 1 hour starting at $1.99 without a contract')",
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://voltagepark.com/pricing",
      "source_class": "quote-gated",
      "price_qualifier": "starting-at",
      "spec_confidence": "published",
      "notes": "VERIFIED 2026-09-14: Voltage Park merged into Lightning AI on 2026-01-21 (Business Wire); brand, site, and self-serve dashboard remain live and transacting. The $1.99 rate NO LONGER appears on the pricing tier cards - all three tiers say 'Contact for pricing'; $1.99 survives only in the FAQ and page meta description, and third-party sources tie it to the Ethernet (non-fabric) tier. Quote-gated 'starting at' teaser: shown in listing tables with that label, EXCLUDED from headline ranges and spread stats. See data/context/research/voltage-park-status.md. [regions backfilled 2026-09-14 from https://www.voltagepark.com/blog/scaling-ai-in-2025-flexibility-speed — City list from Voltage Park's own blog (6 DCs; Salt Lake City has 2 centers). Marketing pages confirm 6 Tier 3+ DCs in T]",
      "collected_via": "weekly-survey",
      "provider": "Voltage Park",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "scale-out fabric below training threshold or contiguity < 64"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H200 8x (marketplace, cheapest of 1)",
      "accelerator": "H200",
      "vram_gb": 140,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        ", US"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 4.606,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://vast.ai/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "median $4.61/GPU-hr across 1 listings of >=8 GPUs; interconnect not exposed by marketplace",
      "source_class": "marketplace-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Vast.ai (live API)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H200",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "H100 PCIE 8x (marketplace, cheapest of 3)",
      "accelerator": "H100 PCIE",
      "vram_gb": 80,
      "form_factor": "PCIe",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        "United Arab Emirates, AE"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 2.4,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://vast.ai/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "median $3.00/GPU-hr across 3 listings of >=8 GPUs; interconnect not exposed by marketplace",
      "source_class": "marketplace-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Vast.ai (live API)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "H100-PCIe",
      "grade": "D",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "PCIe form factor — no scale-up domain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "A100 SXM4 8x (marketplace, cheapest of 2)",
      "accelerator": "A100 SXM4",
      "vram_gb": 40,
      "form_factor": "SXM",
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": "NVLink (implied by SKU name)",
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        "Mississippi, US"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.907,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://vast.ai/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "median $1.12/GPU-hr across 2 listings of >=8 GPUs; interconnect not exposed by marketplace",
      "source_class": "marketplace-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Vast.ai (live API)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "A100-SXM",
      "grade": "C",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no verifiable scale-out fabric — single-node ceiling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "RTX 5090 8x (marketplace, cheapest of 44)",
      "accelerator": "RTX 5090",
      "vram_gb": 32,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        "United States, US"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.401,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://vast.ai/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "median $0.61/GPU-hr across 44 listings of >=8 GPUs; interconnect not exposed by marketplace",
      "source_class": "marketplace-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Vast.ai (live API)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "RTX5090",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "RTX 4090 8x (marketplace, cheapest of 13)",
      "accelerator": "RTX 4090",
      "vram_gb": 24,
      "form_factor": null,
      "gpus_per_node": 8,
      "intra_node": null,
      "inter_node_fabric": null,
      "max_contiguous_gpus": 8,
      "regions": [
        "Bulgaria, BG"
      ],
      "price_usd_per_gpu_hr": 0.374,
      "pricing_model": "on-demand",
      "min_commit": null,
      "notice_period": null,
      "source_url": "https://vast.ai/pricing",
      "spec_confidence": "marketplace",
      "notes": "median $0.40/GPU-hr across 13 listings of >=8 GPUs; interconnect not exposed by marketplace",
      "source_class": "marketplace-api",
      "collected_via": "live-api",
      "provider": "Vast.ai (live API)",
      "as_of": "2026-09-10",
      "accelerator_canonical": "RTX4090",
      "grade": "U",
      "grade_reasons": [
        "no interconnect or form-factor information published"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "provider_notes": [
    {
      "provider": "AWS",
      "fabric_notes": "AWS P5 family: 3200 Gbps EFA per instance (p5=EFA, p5en=EFAv3 on Nitro v5), 900 GB/s NVSwitch intra-node; EC2 UltraClusters published claim of scaling up to 20,000 H100/H200 GPUs with up to 20 exaflops aggregate. P6: EFAv4 at 3.2 Tbps (B200) and 6.4 Tbps (B300) per instance; P6e-GB200 UltraServers publish 72 GPUs per NVLink domain (u-p6e-gb200x72) with 28,800 Gbps EFA per UltraServer and 'up to 130 TB/s' NVLink; UltraCluster scale for P6 stated only as 'tens of thousands of GPUs within a petabit-scale nonblocking network'.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "p5e.48xlarge on-demand price (no entry in the us-east-1 on-demand pricing feed; only p5/p5en/p6-b200/p6-b300 listed)",
        "P6e-GB200 (GB200 NVL72) on-demand list price — UltraServers not in the us-east-1 on-demand feed; sold via Capacity Blocks/UltraServer channels",
        "Numeric UltraCluster maximum for P6 family (page says 'tens of thousands of GPUs')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "fabric_notes": "Google publishes per-VM network bandwidth in the accelerator-optimized machines doc: a3-highgpu-8g 1,000 Gbps (5 NICs, gVNIC/GPUDirect-TCPX), a3-megagpu-8g 1,800 Gbps (9 NICs, GPUDirect-TCPXO), a3-ultragpu-8g 3,600 Gbps (10 NICs, RoCE CX-7), a4-highgpu-8g 3,600 Gbps (10 NICs, RoCE CX-7, four-way rail-aligned network), a4x-highgpu-4g 2,000 Gbps (6 NICs, RoCE CX-7) and A4X Max (GB300) up to 3,200 Gbps via CX-8 SuperNICs with eight-way rail-alignment. No numeric max-cluster GPU count published on the fetched pages.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "On-demand prices for a3-ultragpu-8g (H200) and a4-highgpu-8g (B200) — Google's docs state these have no on-demand consumption option (Spot/Flex-start/reservations only)",
        "Official Google pricing-page dollar figures — cloud.google.com pricing pages are client-side rendered and returned no prices to fetch; a3-high/a3-mega prices are from the gcloud-compute.com Billing-data mirror (secondary)",
        "Maximum contiguous GPU cluster scale per machine series (not stated on fetched pages)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "fabric_notes": "Azure publishes per-GPU InfiniBand bandwidth on Microsoft Learn: ND H100 v5 and ND H200 v5 each give every GPU a dedicated 400 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 ConnectX-7 InfiniBand link (3.2 Tbps per 8-GPU VM) with GPUDirect RDMA, scaling 'up to thousands of GPUs'. ND GB200 v6 (4 GPUs/VM) has 4x 400 Gb/s Quantum-2 CX7 IB per VM, NVL72 NVLink domains of 72 GPUs (18 VMs/rack, 28.8 Tb/s rack scale-out), and a stated InfiniBand fabric reach of up to 100,000 GPUs. Prices from the official Azure Retail Prices API (Consumption meters, Linux).",
      "unverifiable": [
        "Numeric maximum cluster size for ND H100 v5 / ND H200 v5 (Microsoft states only 'thousands of GPUs')",
        "ND96isr_H200_v5 price in eastus specifically (API listed eastus2/centralus and others, not eastus, at collection time)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
      "fabric_notes": "OCI publishes per-node RDMA cluster-network bandwidth in its price-list shape table: BM.GPU.H100.8 = 8x2x200 Gb/s RDMA (3,200 Gbps), BM.GPU.H200.8 = 8x1x400 Gb/s RDMA (3,200 Gbps), BM.GPU.B200.8 = 8x400 Gb/s (3,200 Gbps), BM.GPU.GB200.4 = 4x400 Gb/s InfiniBand, BM.GPU.B300.8 = 8x800 Gb/s, BM.GPU.GB300.4 = 4x800 Gb/s. GPU page claims: up to 3,200 Gb/s RDMA cluster network bandwidth, microsecond latency; OCI Supercluster max scale footnote: 131,072 B200 (incl. GB200 Superchips), 65,536 H200, 32,768 A100, 16,384 H100, 16,384 MI300X. Prices are per-GPU-hour from Oracle's official cetools price API (PAY_AS_YOU_GO); Oracle lists a single global USD list price, no regional table.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "Region-specific price variation (Oracle's price API returns one global USD list price; no per-region GPU pricing published)",
        "Fabric protocol name (RoCE vs InfiniBand) for BM.GPU.B200.8 — Oracle's table gives only '8x400 Gb/sec' without naming the protocol",
        "Newer B300/GB300 per-GPU prices were not extracted (shapes appear in the price-list table; only 4 offerings recorded per instructions)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "RunPod",
      "fabric_notes": "Pricing page publishes flat per-GPU-hour prices and 'Thousands of GPUs across 30+ regions' but NO interconnect details (no NVLink/InfiniBand mention) for Pods or Instant Clusters. Only cluster-scale fact published: Instant Clusters 'scale up to 64 GPUs' with shared storage. No AMD MI300X/MI325X/Instinct GPUs listed on the pricing page. Node sizes per SKU not published.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "intra_node",
        "inter_node_fabric",
        "gpus_per_node",
        "regions per SKU",
        "min_commit",
        "notice_period",
        "MI300X availability"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "TensorDock",
      "fabric_notes": "Marketplace of independent hosts; site explicitly states the same GPU has multiple prices by location/redundancy. The H100 page publishes hostnode composition (8x SXM5, 640GB VRAM) and '10 Gbps' network connectivity, but NO NVLink topology and NO InfiniBand/cluster fabric details; nothing published about multi-node contiguous capacity. No B200/H200/MI300X/RTX 5090 pricing found on public pages. Dedicated /pricing URL returns 404; live per-host prices are in the dashboard.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "intra_node NVLink topology",
        "inter_node_fabric",
        "max_contiguous_gpus beyond one 8-GPU hostnode",
        "regions for non-H100 SKUs",
        "notice_period",
        "B200/H200/MI300X/RTX-5090 availability"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Shadeform",
      "fabric_notes": "OFFERINGS DROPPED FROM SURVEY: only fetchable prices are editorial guides dated April 2025 (17 months stale). Access opacity is severe: shadeform.ai returns HTTP 403 to fetchers and 308-redirects to shadeform.com; the live instance directory (shadeform.com/directory/instances) is JS-rendered with zero prices in static HTML; live pricing sits behind platform.shadeform.ai. Only fetchable published prices are their editorial H100/H200 price guides dated April 25/28, 2025 - 17 months stale at collection. Guides list per-cloud prices but NO form factors, NO node configs, NO NVLink/InfiniBand topology, NO cluster sizes. No B200 price guide found. Site claims aggregation of 30+ GPU clouds.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "current live prices (guides dated Apr 2025)",
        "form_factor",
        "gpus_per_node",
        "intra_node",
        "inter_node_fabric",
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "regions",
        "B200/MI300X/RTX-4090/RTX-5090 pricing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Prime Intellect",
      "fabric_notes": "Aggregator across '50+ providers'; real-time offers are behind the authenticated app, so homepage widget prices are the only public numbers. Homepage claims 'Infiniband Networking - high-bandwidth interconnects across nodes' for cluster products, but publishes no per-offer topology, provider identity, region, or node size. DATA QUALITY CAVEAT: the same widget shows four rows labeled 'H200 / 80 GB VRAM / 184 GB RAM / 32 vCPU' at $1.99, $1.80, $1.23 and $0.47/hr - internally inconsistent (H200 is 141GB), likely an illustrative/mock element; those rows were EXCLUDED. A reserved-cluster calculator shows an example 'B300 SXM6 x 512, 3-year reserved, $5.00/HR/GPU' ($2,560/hr total) - illustrative, quote-based. GH200 ($3.14), RTX Pro 6000 ($3.14), A100 ($3.14), A40 ($3.14) also listed; the identical $3.14 across four different GPUs further suggests partly illustrative pricing. No MI300X or RTX 4090/5090 shown.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "underlying provider per offer",
        "form_factor",
        "gpus_per_node",
        "intra_node",
        "inter_node_fabric per offer",
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "regions",
        "whether homepage widget prices are live or illustrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Hyperstack",
      "fabric_notes": "Docs (flavors page, fetched) state default inter-VM bandwidth up to 16 Gbps, with SR-IOV-capable network-optimised flavors reaching up to 350 Gbps Ethernet inter-VM for H100 SXM, H100 PCIe and H200 SXM; B200 and L40 flavors listed with default bandwidth only. No InfiniBand mentioned. B300 (288 GB, $7.40/hr OD) announced as coming (on-demand August, reserved private clusters Q4). No MI300X or L40S listed; Hyperstack sells L40 48GB at $1.00/hr OD.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "reserved min_commit and notice_period",
        "NVLink presence on SXM flavors (not explicit in fetched flavor table)",
        "B200 inter-node fabric",
        "intra_node interconnect details"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "DataCrunch (rebranded to Verda, verda.com)",
      "fabric_notes": "datacrunch.io now 301-redirects to verda.com (confirmed via redirect during fetch), i.e. DataCrunch has rebranded as Verda. Pricing page (USD, EUR toggle available) publishes on-demand and ~50%-off spot rates plus a long-term discount schedule (2%/3%/4%/8%/25% for 1-mo/3-mo/6-mo/1-yr/2-yr) rather than absolute reserved prices. GB300 NVL72 also listed ($8.62/hr OD, NVLink v5 mentioned) and RTX PRO 6000 ($1.89/hr). No networking/fabric bandwidth, region, or node-size details were published on the fetched pages. No MI300X listed.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "gpus_per_node options",
        "intra_node interconnect (except GB300 'NVLink v5')",
        "inter_node_fabric",
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "regions",
        "min_commit",
        "notice_period"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "FluidStack",
      "fabric_notes": "No public pricing available. https://www.fluidstack.io/pricing returns HTTP 404, and the homepage (fetched 2026-09-10) contains no per-GPU rates, GPU model list, cluster specs, or networking details — it is a mission/company page with no pricing section, consistent with a sales-led/contact model. Third-party trackers (e.g. gpucost.org, via search) cite roughly $2.10/hr for H100 and $2.30/hr for H200, but these are not first-party sources and are not recorded as offerings per registry rules.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "all pricing",
        "all hardware specs",
        "fabric",
        "NVLink",
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "regions",
        "commitments"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Scaleway",
      "fabric_notes": "Official pages publish 'up to 20 Gbps' network bandwidth for H100/H100-SXM instances and 2.5-20 Gbps for L4; NVLink is published for H100-SXM. No InfiniBand or cluster-fabric details published on fetched pages. GPU instances are single-node VMs (max 8 GPUs); no contiguous multi-node cluster size published. Official prices are EUR before tax and zone-dependent (PAR-1/PAR-2/WAW-2); the pricing page only rendered PAR-1 (L4) prices in static fetch, so PAR-2 GPU prices were taken from third-party tracker gpuperhour.com and marked secondary. No A100, H200, B200 or MI300X listed.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "official EUR rates for H100/H100-SXM/L40S/B300 in PAR-2 (client-rendered)",
        "H100-SXM gpus-per-instance options",
        "inter_node_fabric beyond 20 Gbps Ethernet",
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "reserved pricing",
        "min_commit",
        "notice_period"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "OVHcloud",
      "fabric_notes": "Public Cloud GPU page (USD, Worldwide site) publishes 'Up to 25 Gbps included' for public and private networks and '1-4 GPUs per instance' as general specs; H200 is the exception at 8 GPUs/instance with NVLink. No InfiniBand or multi-node cluster fabric published on fetched pages, and no contiguous cluster product described. A100 no longer appears on the GPU lineup page (only H200, H100, L40S, L4, A10 $1.00/hr, V100S $0.88/hr, Quadro RTX 5000 $0.60/hr). No B200, MI300X. The main /public-cloud/prices/ price list is client-rendered and did not expose GPU rows to static fetch.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "H200 exact instance name and per-GPU list price",
        "regions per GPU type",
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "reserved/savings-plan pricing",
        "min_commit",
        "notice_period",
        "H100/L40S NVLink details"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Together AI (GPU Clusters)",
      "fabric_notes": "GPU Clusters page publishes 'high-speed InfiniBand' interconnect for all clusters, managed Kubernetes or Slurm-on-Kubernetes orchestration, on-demand with no commitment, and reserved terms up to 6 months with upfront payment. Capacity described as 25+ cities: USA (600MW), Europe (150MW+), Asia and Middle East. Also listed reserved-only with contact-sales pricing: HGX B300 (270 GB), GB200 NVL72 (186 GB, 512 to 1,000+ GPUs), GB300 NVL72 (288 GB) — not recorded as offerings since no public price. No A100, L40S, or MI300X on the clusters page. InfiniBand generation/bandwidth (e.g. NDR 3.2Tbps) not specified on fetched page.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "gpus_per_node",
        "intra_node NVLink (not explicitly stated for B200/H200/H100)",
        "InfiniBand generation/bandwidth",
        "form_factor",
        "exact reserved minimum term",
        "regions per SKU"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Lambda",
      "fabric_notes": "Lambda prices per GPU per hour directly. 1-Click Clusters: 16 to 2,000+ GPUs on NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand with SHARP; per-node InfiniBand bandwidth (e.g. 3.2 Tbps) is NOT stated on the fetched pricing/1CC pages. No H200 on-demand instances listed as of fetch date; GH200 96GB available at $2.29/hr (1x). NVLink/NVSwitch intra-node topology not stated. No egress fees. Regions not published on fetched pages.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "per-node InfiniBand bandwidth for 1-Click Clusters",
        "intra-node NVLink/NVSwitch details",
        "regions",
        "1yr+ reserved rate card (custom pricing)",
        "exact upper bound of cluster size ('2,000+')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "CoreWeave",
      "fabric_notes": "CoreWeave prices all GPUs as fixed-size instances (per node), not per GPU; per-GPU figures above are derived by division and noted. HPC interconnect docs (fetched) state two RDMA fabrics — NVIDIA Quantum-2 and Quantum-X800 InfiniBand — in non-blocking fat-tree architecture, plus Spectrum-X RoCE on GB300 instances (800 Gbps options for GB300). B200 release notes give the most explicit per-instance networking (8x ConnectX-7 400G NDR + BlueField-3). GB200 NVL72 instances: 4 GPUs each, deployed only as full 18-node racks, 400 Gb/s NDR IB, Quantum-2. GB300 NVL72, HGX B300 on-demand, and RTX PRO 6000 (standard) are 'Contact sales'. Reserved/committed pricing is not published as a rate card (marketing claims of up to ~60% off exist in secondary sources only).",
      "unverifiable": [
        "max_contiguous_gpus (any SKU)",
        "per-node InfiniBand bandwidth for H100/H200/A100 instances",
        "intra-node NVLink/NVSwitch topology per instance",
        "reserved/committed rate card",
        "NVL72 NVLink domain size (72 GPUs not stated on fetched pages)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Crusoe",
      "fabric_notes": "Crusoe prices per GPU per hour. Docs VM overview (fetched) publishes exact per-instance InfiniBand bandwidth: H100/H200/B200/MI300X 8x at 3200 Gbps, A100-SXM-IB and GB200 (gb200-186gb-nvl-4x, 4 GPUs) at 1600 Gbps, B300 8x at 6400 Gbps, MI355X 8x at 3200 Gbps RoCE. However, B200 HGX (180GB), GB200 NVL72 (186GB), and MI355X have NO public prices — contact sales only. Networking docs state InfiniBand is the basis of GPU-to-GPU communication, is included in IB-enabled VM cost, and there are no ingress/egress charges. Fabric generation (Quantum-2 etc.), max contiguous cluster size, reserved/committed pricing, and regions are not published on fetched pages.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "max_contiguous_gpus",
        "InfiniBand fabric generation (Quantum-2/NDR not named on fetched pages)",
        "intra-node NVLink/NVSwitch details",
        "regions per SKU",
        "reserved/committed pricing",
        "B200, GB200 NVL72, MI355X prices (contact sales)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Nebius",
      "fabric_notes": "Nebius prices per GPU per hour with both on-demand and preemptible tiers published. Cluster docs (fetched) publish the clearest fabric spec of the five providers: each GPU has a 400 Gbps NIC, 8-GPU VMs give 3.2 Tbps per node, GPUDirect RDMA, InfiniBand traffic isolated per cluster; 13 named physical fabrics are listed but max cluster size is not published. Cluster-capable platforms: gpu-h100-sxm, gpu-h200-sxm, gpu-b200-sxm, gpu-b300-sxm. HGX B300 also priced ($7.85 on-demand / $4.30 preemptible). GB200 NVL72 and GB300 NVL72 are listed but 'Contact us' — no public price. Reserved/committed pricing exists only as a generic 'up to 35% less' claim — no rate card published. Fabric generation name (Quantum-2) appears on marketing pages not fetched; recorded fabric details are from docs only.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "max_contiguous_gpus / max cluster size",
        "InfiniBand fabric generation on fetched docs page",
        "VRAM per GPU (not stated on Nebius pages; standard SKU values used)",
        "reserved/committed rate card (only 'up to 35% less' claim)",
        "GB200 NVL72 and GB300 NVL72 prices (contact sales)",
        "region-to-SKU mapping"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Voltage Park",
      "fabric_notes": "Voltage Park publishes structure but almost no rate card: three tiers on the pricing page — (1) On-Demand Ethernet, 1-1016 HGX H100 GPUs; (2) On-Demand 3200 Gbps InfiniBand, 8-1016 HGX H100 GPUs; (3) Long-Term Reserve, 32-8000+ H100 GPUs on 3200 Gbps InfiniBand with 6+ month contracts — all 'Contact for pricing' except the blanket 'starting at $1.99/hr' on-demand claim. Homepage states 3,200 Gbps NVIDIA Quantum-2 InfiniBand, a fleet of 36,000 NVIDIA Hopper/Blackwell/Grace Blackwell GPUs, and Dell PowerEdge XE9680 HGX H100 servers. Cluster-size figures are inconsistent across their own pages: pricing page caps on-demand at 1,016 GPUs, product page says 64-4,064 GPUs per cluster, homepage references clusters 'up to 8,176'. Blackwell and Grace Blackwell GPUs are mentioned as available with no SKUs or pricing. Note: third-party reporting says Voltage Park merged into Lightning AI (Jan 2026) with the brand still operating — not confirmed on fetched Voltage Park pages.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "full on-demand rate card (Ethernet vs InfiniBand price split)",
        "reserved pricing",
        "GPUs per node (Dell XE9680 HGX H100 stated, count not stated)",
        "intra-node NVLink details",
        "regions/data center locations",
        "consistent max cluster size (1,016 vs 4,064 vs 8,176 across their own pages)",
        "Blackwell/GB200 SKUs and pricing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "Vast.ai (live API)",
      "fabric_notes": "Public bundles API exposes price, GPU count, VRAM, geolocation and PCIe details per listing, but nothing about inter-node fabric or NVLink topology. Multi-node contiguity is not a marketplace concept here: each listing is a single host.",
      "unverifiable": [
        "inter_node_fabric",
        "oversubscription",
        "max_contiguous_gpus beyond single host"
      ]
    }
  ]
}